Years ago, we gave a facelift to a tired balcony garden.  We are not strangers to small jobs, and this was probably our smallest.  The client had very modest needs: privacy from the street, a distraction from street noise, and a couple of lounge chairs.  Simple enough.

We lined the balcony railing with woven bamboo, sprinkled the area with deep colored glazed pottery, arranged plants with varying structure, texture, and blooms, and tied it together with sweeps of polished pebbles.

It’s easy to over think and impose one’s will on a project.  Sometimes it’s better to put my engine in neutral and focus on striking a harmonious balance with three or four elements.  Catering to each and every unique demand can become overwhelming and expensive.  If the vision and priorities are clear, you would be surprised at how little it requires to make a beautiful spot for welcoming rest and inspiration.

We are in the season of hands-and-knees work.  Sometimes I feel as if I am part truffle pig,  rooting in the dirt and laying waste to every weed in site.  Sometimes I feel as if I am part cutter bee, delicately pruning away dead and overgrown plants.  Mostly I feel old because of all the sounds that issue forth when I squat down or push myself upright.

There is no way around it.  Gardens need attention in Spring to minimize weeds, clear out old material, and maintain good air flow to reduce pest and disease.  This is particularly true for our collector’s garden and garden that have been over-planted.  Giving the garden a thorough cleaning-up ensures healthy plants and a hard prune can give mature woody herbs a new lease on life.  This sort of close-up and personal care also reacquaints us with what plants thrive in the garden and what plants need to be carted away with the green waste.  RIP.

I should also mention, this is a great time to do some minor replanting.  Not only have we clipped and culled the garden to achieve the most vivacious assemblage of plants possible, but the nurseries have wonderful Spring and Summer annuals and perennials.  They practically jump into my truck in the hopes of brightening up any dark corner or bare spot your garden may have.

Actually, February is the best time to schedule irrigation work for the upcoming dry season.  Most people wait until it is an emergency, a July emergency!  Here is a compromise:  take care of your irrigation in May before it becomes urgent.

If you have a functional irrigation system, now is a good time to fix leaks and conduct minor retrofitting to make your water use more efficient.  Try updating with a pressure compensating drip system with check valves.  This reduces wet spots close to the valves and at low elevations.  Water saving spray nozzles such as the MP rotators are great for reducing run-off with their low precipitation rate.  These are modifications that can save on your water bill and improve the health of the plants in your garden in a quantifiable way.

Check out Netafim and MP rotators for more information.

I have often heard that California Native gardens look dry and weedy.  This does not have to be the case.

The photo above is from a lawn conversion we completed two years ago.  The area is North facing with heavy (Dark Matter heavy!) clay soils and seasonal drainage issues.  The goals of the homeowners were to address the drainage and create a lush garden with very low maintenance requirements.

Drainage can be tricky.  In this case, the property sloped toward the street and not another property.  We devised and implemented a plan to keep as much water on site as possible to avoid discharging into the storm drains.  [Gasp]  “In clay soil?!”  Yes, in clay soil.  The downspouts were routed by triple-walled perforated drain pipe into massive trenches of drain rock.  Should the trenched become exhausted, we had pop-up caps to allow the water to escape and seep across the surface.  It has worked beautifully.  An added benefit: the drain work afforded us an opportunity to address the heavy clay by amending it with rich compost and creating well-drained soil mounds.  Once ready to plant, the fun really began.

We had taken weeks to assemble a plant palette that was based on a mixed evergreen community.  We had selected primarily shade-loving and shade-tolerating plants that shared a similar range of soil and water requirements.  Acer macrophyllum, and Cornus satomi anchored the garden and were accompanied by Rhamnus californica, Garrya elliptica, Corylus cornuta, Cercis occidentalis, and Ceanothus ‘Julia Phelps’.  Accents and groundcovers were spiky Iris douglasii and PCH, soft Heuchera micrantha, sneaky Satureja douglasii, and [jazz hands] white Hellebore.  Oh, there were some others: bulbs that like the season seep, some ferns that come and go, and a few short-lived perennials that temporarily fill-in until the shrubs fill-out.

You can see in the photo, this landscape is neither dry or weedy.  California has over a dozen zones (depending on your reference material) and dozens of microclimates.  If your microclimate is in fact dry, by all means pull together a palette of succulents with a Parkinsonia microphylla and a few Baccharis pilularis.  Sneak in some Lavandula, Rosmarinus, and Salvia as well.  Go ahead and search a few names that I dropped above.    I think you will be pleasantly surprised how much life and color you can find in even a dry California Native garden.

Weeds… well, that’s a different story.

When I worked for a greenhouse grower in Ohio, we had a running joke about “deer-proof.”  It’s not what the deer won’t eat; it’s what the deer will eat last.  The  adherence to a list of deer-proof plants is as absurd in many areas of the East Bay hills as it is in the rural suburbs of Cleveland.

Luckily, we have clients in Lafayette who are deer-friendly in their expectations of landscaping their mostly unfenced property.  They have a home neatly situated on a hillside that is crisscrossed with deer trails.  Our plan was not to deer-proof, but to deer-tolerate.  We pulled together a mostly California native plant palette including Rhamnus crocea (not an easy find), Ribes sanguineum glutinosum, Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, and Mahonia repens.  Of these plants selected, the only ones we had to protect with Liquid Fence were the Ribes.  After a few months, the deer relented and no spray was necessary.

A truly deer-friendly garden can be achieved by establishing plants that the deer graze upon.  The trick is to select vigorous plants that recover quickly and protect them until they are established enough to withstand deer with the munchies.  Grasses such as Koeleria and Elymus are a must.  Reseeding annuals or self-propagating perennials  such as Trifolium, Chichorium, and Vicia are also great additions.

Keep in mind that in dry seasons the deer may nibble on anything because they are looking for water.  Having even a modest water feature can curb this behavior.  If certification as a wildlife habitat is part of the plan for the landscape, then a water source is a requirement.

I love December.  With the fall pruning, composting, and mulching done, it’s time for the heavens to open and restore to the soil what summer sun has taken.  As humidity fills the air and clouds somnambulate across the sky, I sit in my office with a cup of tea and wait.  I am rewarded with the irregular percussion of rain drops hitting the window.  Drop by drop, the months of caked-on dust are washed away from trees and shrubs.  The garden and all of its greens are revived with quiet gratitude.  Thank you, Rain.  I hope you stay a while.

November, have you composted and mulched your garden?  If you like what you see above, then I urge you to consider it.

Compost is technically plant debris that has been subject to the digestive process of an organism, usually an insect or microorganism.  This process causes a release of heat that ideally reaches temperatures between 135 and 160 degrees Fahrenheit before the compost is considered “cooked.”  It is common practice for vendors of compost to sneak in sawdust or chicken manure into already composted material.  If you are a purist, making your own compost without the additives is always an option.

Compost is, in my opinion, the best way to help with heavy soil structure albeit temporarily.  It does not change the ratio of sand, silt, and clay, your soil texture, but the humic acid helps to create an ionic environment in the soil that lends to the clay forming aggregates to improve water percolation.

If you have plants that require organic soils as opposed to mineral soils, then compost is a great way to maintain their ideal soil pH for optimal nutrient availability.  Also, the compost decomposes slowly and does not cause plants to spike with pest-attracting juvenile growth like chemical fertilizers.  Speaking of pests, compost helps create an environment where predator insects thrive and contribute to natural pest reduction in your garden.

If you have mineral soils, the plant palette will dictate if compost is necessary.  Most likely, compost is not a critical part of the cultural practices for this type of garden.  Here is link that discuss organic and mineral soils.  And a link for pH influence of nutrient availability.

Mulch, unlike compost, is not a significant source of nutrients and rarely has a significant influence on soil pH.  For me, mulching is the first protocol I use to suppress weeds.  A thick layer between plants effectively smothers anything trying to push up from the soil level and below.  It is not a cure.  Weed seed can still get blown in or carried in by wildlife.  The mulch is not a secure place for germinated seeds to root, so pulling them out while they are young is a cinch.

One more contribution of mulch to the garden relates to water.  Mulch, especially on slopes, can reduce soil loss during heavy rains.  In general, mulch protects the upper layers of soil from water loss and crusting during dry periods.  In short, it is a source of moderation when Mother Nature is not.

I love this time of year, planting time.  We have back-to-back projects ranging from little renovations to entire back gardens.  In many cases, the pathways and wood structures are done.  What remains to be done is irrigation of various description and installation of plants and mulch.

I have been revisiting emails and notes for each garden, some from as far back as last November when the clients and I first met.  The planning, the budgeting, time taken for holidays, birthdays, and vacations have paced the projects into phases.  We now find ourselves on the very cusp of completing the garden.  I am, admittedly, congratulating myself before the final walk-through, but I cannot resist doing it.  It is as if the last few months have been a series of windups, and now we finally get to pitch.

Shorter and cooler days are upon us.  The rains are hopefully coming soon as well.  In California, this is a great time to plant with far less concern about transplant shock than one would have planting before summer.  Granted, there are a few draw backs, but the scale still tips in our favor.

The ground can prove a ferocious foe if unirrigated through summer, as many of our projects this time of year are.  If it is an option, we have the home owner run the irrigation every couple of days for about a week before we get going.  We leave about two dry days prior to breaking ground so we are not working in mud.  This is not necessary if we are dealing with an area that has been prepared with sheetmulching in advance.  We have also implemented mobile hose-end sprinklers that are as reliable as the client is committed.  Relying on brute strength is a common last resort.

Plant availability and appearance is always a concern.  Frankly speaking, fall is not when spring and summer bloomers put their best foot forward.  Planting deciduous, herbaceous perennials always feels like a version of the Emperor’s New Clothes.  Yes, they look like 1-gallon cans of dirt, but they are really beautiful plants (cut to full color screen shot of website).  We best rely on a well-communicated plant lists and planting in phases.  Most folks that are looking at a long-term garden plan will know what to expect 5 months and 5 years down the road. Beyond that, they can give us a call to recalibrate.

For homeowners looking for free or inexpensive mulch, start calling now (or last July if you have time travel capabilities).  For small to medium companies doing tree work, this is flood season.  Call and call again.  Know that you are not a priority unless you are in close proximity to their job.  Our main challenge with this approach has been coordinating with the arborist.  Due to this significant drawback, we have been using West Coast Chip Harvesters with absolutely no complaints for years.  If you find yourself in Berkeley or Albany, they have sites where free mulch is stored in the open for locals to use in their gardens.  There are options.

And with that, we wait for the rain.